Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspec

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable power to shield delicate skin. This calming element has long been utilized in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective qualities. Creating a physical defense on the skin's top layer, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful sunlight, he